Maine Medical Partners Neurosurgery & Spine > Onsite Services > Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

At Maine Medical Partners Neurosurgery & Spine, we offer a multispecialty approach to conservative treatments of spine conditions and provide comprehensive evaluation and treatment of spine and musculoskeletal disorders. Our team of highly trained physiatrists, osteopaths, physician extenders, physical therapists and nurses work together to offer alternative treatment options to patients, whenever appropriate.

Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

Epidural Steroid Injection/Facet Block

These are injections of corticosteroids (cortisone medicine) into the space just outside the dura, which lines the spinal canal, and surrounds the spinal cord and nerves. Because the injection is outside the dura, it is called an epidural injection. This procedure has nothing to do with spinal anesthesia used for operations. Epidural injections may be done for pain relief or to confirm a diagnosis. The injections are also sometimes done near or into a joint in the back if that area is thought to be painful.

These injections are performed when it is thought that inflammation and/or swelling is part of the process that causes the pain. A steroid medicine, which is a very potent anti-inflammatory drug, works best when it is injected into the area where the inflammation is occurring. Because the nerves coming off of the spinal cord pass through the epidural space, the medicine comes in contact with them. The injections can be made anywhere along the spine: neck (cervical), midback (thoracic), lower back (lumbar) and tailbone (caudal). Injections can also relieve inflammation around a joint (facet injection). The steroid is usually combined with a local anesthetic to reduce discomfort and to aid in diagnosis.

Often, more than one injection is required.

Pre-Injection

  1. Inform Maine Medical Partners Neurosurgery & Spine of any significant medical problems and all medications taken, including over the counter medications and herbal medications/supplements.
  2. Stop taking any aspirin or anti-inflammatory medication one week prior to the procedure
  3. Inform Maine Medical Partners Neurosurgery & Spine of any medication allergies to medications, iodine or radiological dyes or contrast
  4. Lumbar ESI: no heavy meals 4 (four) hours prior to procedure; liquids and light meals are okay;
  5. Cervical ESI: no food for 6 (six) hours before procedure; may have liquids up to 2 (two) hours prior;
  6. You will be offered a snack after the procedure.
  7. You may take your usual medications, except aspirin and anti-inflammatories, with a sip of water.
  8. Arrange for an adult to drive you home. You should not drive for 6 hours as your arm or leg may be slightly numb or weak.
  9. Bring your most recent MRI, CT scan or other study.

The Procedure

You will be re-examined by the provider doing the procedure. The procedure will be explained to you and a consent will be obtained. You may be asked to change into an examination gown. You will go into the x-ray room and lay or sit on the table. You could be on your side, stomach or sitting depending on the type of injection. Iodine will be applied to your skin to keep the area sterile. The doctor will numb the skin of the injection site and then a needle will be inserted under x-ray visualization into the area to be injected. You may be asked if what the doctor is doing increases or decreases your pain. The medication will then be injected slowly. This procedure takes 15-20 minutes.

After the procedure you will be taken to the recovery area for monitoring by the nurse. You will be offered a snack and asked to describe any changes in your pain. You will be monitored for at least 20 minutes before going home.

Possible Complications

Complications from injections are rare, but, as with any procedure, there could be problems. This can include the following:

  1. A headache over the next day or two. Rarely the headache will not improve and a second injection may be done to improve the headache;
  2. During injections, some patients have a lowering of their blood pressure and pulse and may feel nauseated or faint. If this occurs, lying down and resting usually will allow things to correct themselves. Occasionally, however, fluids need to be started by vein and medication given.
  3. Diabetics will notice their blood sugar rising for several days after the injection and may require an adjustment in their medications or diet
  4. Very rarely there may be bleeding into the epidural space. This is a very serious complication that may require an emergency operation to prevent paralysis from occurring.
  5. Infection (rare, less than one in a thousand) would require antibiotic treatment, if occurred.

Post Injection

  1. Plan on only light activities the day of the procedure
  2. You may remove any bandage after two hours and bathe after four hours
  3. No driving for 6 hours
  4. You may restart all of your usual medications, including pain medications
  5. You may resume your usual diet
  6. You may be called and asked how you are doing and to assess the success of the injection.
  7. You may have some temporary (4-6 hrs) numbness from the anesthetic.
  8. You may have increased pain for 1-2 days.
  9. Follow up with your doctor as directed.

Discogram

A discogram is a test that is done in order to view the makeup of a disc and to make clear whether that disc may contribute to your pain. It will allow your doctor to see tears in the disc, scarring, disc bulges and changes in the center of your disc.

Pre-Discogram Instructions

  1. Please arrive thirty minutes prior to your appointment time
  2. Have nothing to eat or drink for six hours prior to your procedure time
  3. You may take your usual medications with a small amount of water
  4. If you are diabetic or take blood thinners such as Coumadin, Warfarin, please call the Nurse at MSR at 885-4477.
  5. Discontinue the use of aspirin and any NSAIDS (Ibuprofen, Aleve, Advil, Naprosyn, Motrin, etc) 5-7 DAYS prior to your procedure.
  6. Bring your most recent MRI.
  7. Bring an adult driver, who will stay with you at home after the procedure.

The Procedure

A needle will be inserted in a vein (IV) so the antibiotics may be given prior to this procedure. Relaxants and pain medications will be given during the procedure. A local painkiller will be injected into the skin over the area(s) that will be examined. An x-ray machine will be used to view proper placement of a needle into the disc. Dye will be injected into the disc or discs being examined and the disc will be pressurized for evaluation. Risks of the procedure will be fully explained prior to the procedure. The procedure may take 30-60 minutes, and you will be asked to wait up to 30-60 minutes longer until you are recovered before going home.

Post Discogram

  1. No driving for 12 hours
  2. Plan on light activity the day of the procedure
  3. You may restart your usual medications including pain medication
  4. You may resume your usual diet and fluid intake
  5. You may have increased pain for one or two days, and can take medication as directed by your physician

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“The people of Maine are motivated, appreciative and often profoundly inspiring as they confront the many challenges associated with neurological disease.”

John B. Wahlig, MD, Neurosurgeon